| Country | Language | Speakers (approx.) | Remark |
|---|
| Afghanistan | Pashto | 10,000,000 | Official language |
| | Persian | 5,000,000 | Official language |
| | Uzbek | 1,000,000 | |
| | Turkmen | 400,000 | |
| Bahrain | Arabic | 400,000 | Official language |
| Bangla Desh | Bengali | 100,000,000 | Official language |
| | Urdu | 500,000 | |
| Bhutan | Jonkha | | Official language |
| | Nepali | | Southern Bhutan |
| Brunei | Malay | | Official language |
| | English | | |
| Burma | Burmese | 30,000,000 | Official language |
| | Karen | 2,500,000 | Southern Burma |
| | Shan | 1,500,000 | Northern Burma |
| | Chin | 500,000 | Chin Hills |
| | Kachin | 350,000 | Extreme North |
| | Mon | 350,000 | Near Moulmein |
| | Palaung | 50,000 | North of Mandalay |
| | Wa | 50,000 | |
| Cambodia | Khmer | 5,000,000 | Official language |
| | Chinese | 400,000 | |
| | Vietnamese | 400,000 | |
| | Cham | 100,000 | |
| Ceylon | Sinhalese | 11,000,000 | Official language |
| | Tamil | 4,000,000 | Northern and eastern coastal regions |
| China | Mandarin | 670,000,000 | Official language |
| | Wu | 50,000,000 | Shanghai area and Chekiang |
| | Cantonese | 45,000,000 | Kwangtung and Kwangsi, Hong Kong |
| | Amoy | 30,000,000 | Southern Fukien, Amoy Island |
| | Foochow | 15,000,000 | Northern Fukien |
| | Hakka | 20,000,000 | Northeastern Kwangtung and southern Kiangsi |
| | Hsiang | 15,000,000 | Hunan |
| | Chuang | 12,000,000 | Kwangsi Chuang Region |
| | Uigur | 5,000,000 | Sinkiang Uigur Region |
| | Yi | 5,000,000 | Yunnan |
| | Miao | 4,000,000 | Kweichow |
| | Mongolian | 2,500,000 | Inner Mongolia |
| | Puyi | 1,500,000 | Kweichow |
| | Korean | 1,500,000 | |
| | Tung | 1,000,000 | Kweichow and Kwangsi |
| | Yao | 1,000,000 | Eastern China |
| | Kazakh | 800,000 | Northern Sinkiang |
| | Lisu | 500,000 | Yunnan |
| | Wa | 250,000 | Burmese border area |
| | Nung | 170,000 | Vietnamese border area |
| | Nakhi | 230,000 | Yunnan |
| | Lahu | 220,000 | Yunnan |
| | Kachin | 100,000 | Yunnan |
| | Salar | 50,000 | Tsinghai |
| | Sibo | 40,000 | |
| | Nanai | 5,000 | |
| | English | | Co-official with Mandarin in Hong Kong |
| India | English | | Official language |
| | Hindi | 225,000,000 | Official language, North and Central India |
| | Bengali | 60,000,000 | West Bengal |
| | Telugu | 60,000,000 | Andhra Pradesh |
| | Marathi | 55,000,000 | Maharashtra |
| | Tamil | 50,000,000 | Tamil Nadu |
| | Bihari | 40,000,000 | Bihar |
| | Gujarati | 35,000,000 | Gujarat |
| | Kanarese | 30,000,000 | Karnataka |
| | Urdu | 30,000,000 | |
| | Malayam | 30,000,000 | Kerala |
| | Oriya | 25,000,000 | Orissa |
| | Punjabi | 15,000,000 | the Punjab |
| | Rajasthani | 15,000,000 | Rajasthan |
| | Assamese | 12,000,000 | Assam |
| | Santali | 3,000,000 | |
| | Bhili | 2,000,000 | West-central India |
| | Sindhi | 1,500,000 | Western India |
| | Gondi | 1,500,000 | Central India |
| | Kurukh | 1,000,000 | Central India |
| | Mundari | 750,000 | |
| | Ho | 750,000 | |
| | Kui | 500,000 | Central India |
| | Khasi | 400,000 | Khasi Hills |
| | Bodo | | North of the Brahmaputra in Assam |
| | Savara | | |
| | Korku | | |
| | Garo | | Garo Hills |
| | Meithei | | Manipur |
| | Lushei | | Southern Assam |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | 12,000,000 | Official language |
| | Javanese | 50,000,000 | Java |
| | Sundanese | 15,000,000 | Java |
| | Madurese | 8,000,000 | Java, Madura |
| | Minangkabau | 3,000,000 | Sumatra |
| | Buginese | 2,500,000 | Celebes |
| | Achinese | 2,000,000 | Sumatra |
| | Balinese | 2,000,000 | Bali |
| | Batak | 1,500,000 | Sumatra |
| Iraq | Arabic | 13,500,000 | |
| | Kurdish | 1,500,000 | Northern Iraq |
| Israel | Hebrew | 3,250,000 | Official language |
| | Arabic | 750,000 | Official language |
| Japan | Japanese | 120,000,000 | Official language |
| Jordan | Arabic | 2,000,000 | Official language |
| Kashmir | Kashmiri | 3,000,000 | |
| | Burushaski | | Northwestern Kashmir |
| Kuwait | Arabic | 1,500,000 | Official language |
| Laos | Lao | 3,000,000 | Official language |
| | Miao | 100,000 | |
| | Yao | 50,000 | |
| Lebanon | Arabic | 3,000,000 | Official |
| | Armenian | 150,000 | |
| | Assyrian | 15,000 | |
| Malaysia | Malay | | |
| | Chinese | | |
| | Tamil | | |
| the Maldives | Maldivian | 150,000 | Official language |
| Mauritius | English | | Official language |
| | French | 300,000 | |
| | Hindi | | |
| | Urdu | | |
| | Tamil | | |
| | Chinese | | |
| Mongolia | Mongolian | 2,000,000 | |
| | Kazakh | 50,000 | Western Mongolia |
| Nepal | Nepali | 8,000,000 | Official language |
| | Bihari | 2,000,000 | Southern Nepal |
| | Newari | 500,000 | Katmandu Valley |
| | Murmi | 500,000 | |
| North Korea | Korean | | Official language |
| Oman | Arabic | 1,000,000 | Official language |
| Pakistan | Urdu | | Official language |
| | Punjabi | 60,000,000 | |
| | Sindhi | 7,000,000 | Sind Province |
| | Pashto | 6,000,000 | North-West Frontier Province |
| | Baluchi | 1,000,000 | Baluchistan |
| | Brahui | 500,000 | Baluchistan |
| | Punjabi | 60,000,000 | |
| Papua New Guinea | Pidgin English | | Official language |
| | Police Moto | | Official language |
| | Enga | 125,000 | Central Highlands |
| | Chimbu | 60,000 | Central Highlands |
| | Hagen | 60,000 | Central Highlands |
| | Kâte | 50,000 | Huon Peninsula |
| | Tolai | 25,000 | New Britain |
| | Yabim | 10,000 | Huon Peninsula |
| | Moto | 10,000 | Around Port Moresby |
| | Baining | 5,000 | New Britain |
| Persia | Persian | | |
| | Azerbaidzhani | | Azerbaidzhan province |
| | Gilaki | | along the shores of the Caspian Sea |
| | Mazanderani | | along the shores of the Caspian Sea |
| | Kurdish | | |
| | Baluchi | | extreme southeast |
| | Arabic | | |
| | Turkmen | | |
| | Armenian | | |
| | Assyrian | | |
| the Philippines | Tagalog | 10,000,000 | Official language |
| | English | | |
| | Spanish | | |
| | Cebuano | 8,000,000 | Middle Islands |
| | Ilocano | 3,000,000 | Northern Luzon |
| | Hiligaynon | 3,000,000 | Middle Islands |
| | Bikol | 2,000,000 | Bikol |
| | Samaran | 1,500,000 | Middle Islands |
| | Pampangan | 650,000 | Pampanga province |
| | Pangasinan | 500,000 | Pangasinan |
| | Maranao | 400,000 | Mindanao |
| | Igorot | 250,000 | Mountain province |
| Qatar | Arabic | 250,000 | Official language |
| Saudi Arabia | Arabic | 10,000,000 | Official language |
| the Seychelles | English | | Official language |
| Singapore | Chinese | 1,750,000 | Official language |
| | Malay | 250,000 | Official language |
| | Tamil | 200,000 | Official language |
| | English | | Official language |
| South Korea | Korean | | Official language |
| Syria | Arabic | 10,000,000 | Official language |
| | Kurdish | 250,000 | |
| | Armenian | 150,000 | |
| | Circassian | 50,000 | |
| | Turkmen | 50,000 | |
| | Assyrian | 15,000 | |
| | Aramaic | 2,000 | |
| Taiwan | Mandarin | | Official language |
| | Amoy | 15,000,000 | |
| Thailand | Thai | 45,000,000 | Official language |
| | Chinese | 5,000,000 | |
| | Malay | 1,000,000 | Extreme south |
| | Khmer | 350,000 | Southeast |
| | Mon | 75,000 | Near the western border |
| | Karen | 75,000 | North |
| | Miao | 50,000 | North |
| Tibet | Mandarin | | |
| | Tibetan | | |
| the United Arab Emirates | Arabic | 6,000,000 | Official language |
| | Persian | | |
| | Hindi | | |
| | Urdu | | |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | 60,000,000 | Official language |
| | Chinese | 1,000,000 | |
| | Thai | 800,000 | North |
| | Khmer | 400,000 | Near the Cambodian border |
| | Muong | 400,000 | North |
| | Nung | 300,000 | North |
| | Miao | 200,000 | North |
| | Yao | 175,000 | North |
| | Jarai | 150,000 | South |
| | Rhade | 125,000 | South |
| | Bahnar | 100,000 | South |
| | Sedang | 80,000 | South |
| | Cham | 50,000 | South |
| Yemen | Arabic | 8,000,000 | Official language |